SURE SUCCESS MATERIAL
SOCIAL SCIENCE SA-2 FOR
CLASS-VIII
Prepared by Social Science Department,
CV, Unchahar
SOME
TIPS TO ACHIEVE 100% MARKS IN
SOCIAL SCIENCE
IN
EXAMINATION HALL
·
Read the entire paper thoroughly in the
time allotted for this separately.
·
Stay calm.
·
Write correct question number
boldly in the left margin.
·
Attempt all parts of the question at
one place.
Number them appropriately.
·
Be specific. Write to the point.
Give points in required number only.
·
Leave some space before
starting a new question. Draw a line in between the answers of
two questions if possible.
·
Number each point & highlight
main points. If possible, suitable headings.
·
In writing answers you must underline
key terms, concepts & points to highlight them.
·
Use correct spelling & proper
grammatical sentences while writing answers.
·
Don’t waste time in pondering over a
difficult question.
·
Fasten the Map inside the answer
book.
·
Check & Recheck the answers in the
last 10-15 minutes before submitting the answer book.
·
Maintain neatness & accuracy in the
answer book. Don’t give wrong data.
DIRECTIONAL
WORDS IN DIFFERENT QUESTIONS
·
‘Name’, ‘List’, ‘Mention’, ‘Enumerate’ are to be
treated as same & require only writing the required feature/factor/name etc
.No need for any further explanation.
·
‘Define’ requires
giving definition & critical components of that concept.
·
‘Explain’ requires
short & specific explanation of the term or concept specified.
·
‘Analyze’ refers to
understanding of the concept/situation & drawing conclusion/effect.
·
‘Describe’ means to
elaborate the term wholly.
MANY
WORDS CONVEY THE SAME MEANING
·
Factors & circumstances
·
Causes, reasons, motives
·
Effects, result, consequences, impact
·
Qualities, features &
characteristics
MAP
QUESTIONS
·
Identify the maps
meant for Geography.
·
Read the asking of the
questions carefully.
·
Label the place &
give proper symbols for different locations.
·
Don’t neglect this
section. Practice more maps before the examination.
Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owner
1.
Mechanised
production of cotton and growing iron and steel industry earned Britain a
title. Name it.
Ans. Workshop of the World
2.
Name
two most important centres of Jamdani weaving. Ans. Dacca in Bengal and Lucknow in United Provinces
3.
Where
did European traders first encounter the fine cotton cloth from India carried
by Arab Merchants? Ans. Mosul
4.
Name
the two places where Bandanna patterns were mostly produced. Ans.
Rajasthan, Gujarat
5.
Who
invented the Spinning Jenny and when? Ans.
John Kaye, 1764
6.
Who
were the weavers of Bengal? Ans. Tanti Weavers
7.
Which
cloth gradually became the symbol of nationalism? Ans.
Khadi
8.
When
was the Charkha put in the centre of the tricolour flag of Indian National Congress? Ans.
1931
9.
This
man had toured through Mysore in 1800 and has left us an account of the
technique of making legendary Wootz Steel. Who was he? Ans.
Francis Buchanan
10.
He was
the discoverer of electricity and electromagnetism. Name him. Ans.
Michael Faraday
11.
Where
was the first cotton mill started? Ans.
Ahmedabad, 1861
12.
In
which year Charles Weld and Dorabji Tata travelled thorough Chhattisgarh in
search of iron ore deposits? Ans. 1904
13.
Who
told Weld and Tata about the iron ores in Rajhara Hills? Ans.
Agarias
14.
From
where were the Agarias carrying iron ore?
Ans. Rajhara Hills
15.
The
scarcity of which important compound caused hindrance for setting a steel plant
near the Rajhara Hills? Ans.
Water
16.
Rajhara
Hills are the source of iron ore for which famous steel plant ? Ans. Bhilai Steel Plant
17.
When
did the TISCO start producing steel? Ans.
1912
18.
TISCO stands for – Ans. Tata Iron and Steel Company
19.
In
1914, which historic event gave TISCO a chance to expand its production for the
Indian Railways? Ans. World War 1
20.
Name
the biggest steel industry within the British Empire in its history. Ans. TISCO
Long Answer Questions:
1.
Why Britain came to be known as Workshop of the
world?
Ans. 1. Mechanised Production of cotton
2. Growing steel and iron industry from 1850s
2.
What happened to the weavers and spinners who lost
their livelihood?
Ans. 1. Became agricultural labourers
2.
Migrated to cities for work.
3. Plantations of Africa and South America.
4. Work in
cotton mills being set up in
cities like Bombay etc.
5. Some suicided and protested.
3.
How did the First 1st world war helped TISCO
to increase production?
Ans. 1. British steel had to meet demands of
Europe war.
2. British steel import declined.
3. Indian Railways turned to TISCO.
4. TISCO producing shells and carriage wheels.
4.
What were the speciality of swords made from Wootz
steel?
Ans. 1.
They had incredibly hard & sharp edge, could easily rip through armour
2. Wootz Steel
when made into swords produced a very sharp edge with flowing water
pattern.
3. This pattern came from very small carbon
crystals embedded in iron
5.
How was the Wootz steel produced?
Ans. 1. Iron mixed with charcoal, put inside small
clay pots.
2. Through intricate control of temperature was
produced steel ingots.
6.
In the first few decades of its existence, what
were the problems faced by the textile factory industry?
Ans. 1. Difficulty to compete with cheap textiles
imported from Britain.
2. No govt.
protection from imported textiles by imposing high duties as done by
other countries.
7.
How did the development of cotton industries in
Britain affect Indian textiles?
Ans. 1. Indian Textiles now had to compete with British textiles in
European and American markets.
2. Exporting textiles to Britain difficult because
of very high duties imposed on Imported Indian Textiles.
8.
What were the reasons of the decline of Iron
Smelting Industry?
Ans. 1. Laws against entering forests.
2. Scarcity of iron ore and charcoal.
3. In some areas there was grant, but iron smelters
had to pay a very high tax for each furnace they used.
4. Use of imported British steel increased for
making utensils and tools which lowered demand for iron produced by Iron
Smelters.
9.
What was the Jamdani weaving?
Ans. 1. A fine muslin on which decorative motifs
are woven on loom.
2. Often a mixture of cotton &
gold was used.
3. Most important centres were
Dacca (Bengal) and Lucknow (United Provinces).
Civilizing the “Native”, Educating the Nation
1. William Adam was from which country? Ans:
Scotland
2. Who helped in the development of Serempore
mission? Ans: William Carey
3. English Education Act was introduced in which
year? Ans: 1835
4.Name the Journal started by William Jones . Ans:
Asiatick Researches
5. From where William Jones studied Greek and
Latin? Ans: Oxford
6. Verify another name for language Urdu, Persian,
Hindi and Sanskrit.
Ans: Oriental language or Eastern language
7. Who was the president of Board of Control of the
Company? Ans: Charles Wood
8. A term refers to a person knowing and studying
several languages. Name the term. Ans: Linguist
9. Hindu College was established in Banaras in
which year? Ans: 1791
10. How many pathshalas were there in Bengal and
Bihar? Ans: 1
lakh pathshalas
11. Who was the Governor General during the year
1835? Ans: William Bentinck
12. According r. Tagore, what were the schools like
to him?
Ans: Prisons
13.How many subjects were taught in Shantiniketan ? Ans:
5 subjects
14. In report a small institution have how many
students? Ans: 20 students
15.Mahatma Gandhi wanted education in which
criteria? Ans: In Oral and Practical knowledge
17. 14.When
was Shantiniketan established? Ans: 1901
18.When William Jones arrived Calcutta? Ans:
1783
19.Name the term referring to a person who can
read, write and teach Persian. Ans: Munshi
20. to understand Indian history, what did Jones
and Colebrooke began to referring to? Ans: Discovering Ancient texts and legal
texts.
Long
Questions
1. Who was William Jones?
Ans: William Jones is a professional educated
British and a great Linguist. In India, he was appointed as junior judge at the
Supreme Court.
2. State the opinion given by James
Mill pressing against the Oriental vision of learning.
Ans: Opinions given by James Mill pressing against
the Oriental Vision of learning are:-
He criticized that British effort should not be to
teach what the natives wanted or what they respected.The British should also
try to capture or win a place in those Indian hearts. The aim of education
should be to teach what was useful and practical.
3. What were the advantages discovered
by Jones and Colebroooke by studying and taking help of ancient
Texts to understand Indian Culture?
Ans: Some of the advantages discovered by Jone and
Colebrooke by studying and taking help of Ancient texts are:-
·
They
felt that studying ancient texts would not only help British learning from
Indian culture I
·
It
will also help Indians to rediscover their own Heritage and understand the lost
glories of the past.
·
And in
this process, the British would become the guardians of Indian Culture.
4. What were the steps taken by
British after confronting the Macaulay’s opinion against Oriental
Education?
Ans: Steps taken by British after taking a minute
into Macaulay’ s Opinion against Oriental education were:-
·
British
governerment introduced English Education Act in 1835 to make English the
medium of instructions for Higher education.
·
British
executed decision to stop Oriental Institutions like Calcutta Madrasa and
Benaras Sanskrit College.
·
English
textbooks were then begun to be produced for schools.
5. Write some of the glimpses of
the report of William Adams about Indian Education system.
Ans: Some of the glimpses of report of William
Adams were:
·
There
were over 1 lakh pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar.
·
These
Institutions were no more than 20 students each.
·
These
institutions were set up by wealthy people, or a local community.
·
There
was only one guru in each pathshala.
·
There
were no fixed fee, no printed books, no separate school buildings, no
blackboards, no benches or chairs, no roll no. and no regular time table.
6. What were the new routines,
rules Introduced by Company after 1854 for better system of local
Pathshalas ?
Ans: New routines rules introduced by Company after
1854 were:
·
Company
appointed a number of government pandits each in charge of looking after four
to five schools.
·
The
task of those pandits was to visit the pathshalas and try and improve the
standards of teaching.
·
Each
guru was asked to submit periodic reports and take classes according to a
regular time table.
·
Students
were asked to pay regular fees, attend regular classes, sit on fixed seats, and
obey the new laws/rules of discipline.
·
Teaching
was now with textbooks and books with annual examinations.
7. Why did Gandhiji wanted to teach
children handicraft?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children
handicraft because of the following reasons
·
Mahatma
Gandhi was totally disagreed with the teaching of European Education. He added
that this education had crippled Indians.
·
He
totally focused on reading and writing rather than oral education, it valued
textbooks rather than lived experience and practical knowledge.
·
He
argued that education ought to develop a person’s mind and soul.
·
The
children needed to work with their hands, learn a useful handicraft and knows
how different things are operated.
8. What were the steps taken by the
government to promote advancement in Indian culture referred by
William Jones and Colebrooke?
Ans: Steps taken by government to promote
advancement in Indian Culture referred by Jones and Colebrooke were:
·
Madarasa
was set up in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Arabic, Persian and
Islamic law.
·
Hindu
College eas established in Benaras in 1791 to encourage the study of Sanskrit
texts.
9. What do you mean by
‘Vernacular’?
Ans: Vernacular is a term used generally to refer
local language or dialects distinct form from what as seen as the standard Language.
10. Write about the childhood and
main aim (while Growing up) of Rabindranath Tagore.
Ans: Childhood ….
·
R.
Tagore hated going to school. He found it suffocating and oppressive.
·
The
schools appeared like a prison, where he can’t do what he felt like. Other
children listen to teacher, but Tagore’s mind would wander away.
Aim
On growing up, he wanted to set up a school where
the children were happy, be creative, can share thought/views.
9.
Women, Caste and Reform
1.
What
is the other meaning of sati? Virtuous women
2.
Which
castes were considered as upper caste? Brahmans , Kshatriyas
3.
When
was sati banned? 1829
4.
When
the law was passed which was permitting Widow Remarriage? 1856
5.
What
was the earlier name of ‘Brahmo Samaj’ & when? Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta ,1828
6.
The
gr. of people which were not allowed to enter the temple? Untouchables
7.
Who
formed an association for widow remarriage in telugu- speaking areas of Madras
(Chennai) presidency? Veerasalingam Pantulu
8.
Who
founded reform association called Arya Samaj &when? Dayanand
saraswati in 1875
9.
Who
started school for Muslim girls in Patna & Calcutta? Begum
Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain
10. Who published the book
‘StriPurushTulna’? Tarabai Shinde
11.
She
formed a widow home in Poona? Pandita Ramabai
12.
In
which year Child Marriage Restrained Act was passed? 1929
13. In which year & where
Paramhans Mandli was formed to work for the abolishment of caste?1840 in Bombay
14.Who and where satnami movement was found? Ghasi
Das ,Central India
15. -I belonged to Kerala -A
Guru among Ezhavas . Who am I? Shri Narayana Guru
16. Who founded Satya Shodhak
Samaj? Jyoti Rao Phule
17. Name the book written by
Jyoti Rao Phule and what was the meaning of it?
ü Gulamgiri (1873) which meant Slavery
18. When did temple entry movement
started and by whom? 1927,
Dr.B.R Ambedkar
19. What was the other name of
E V Ramaswamy Naicker and what he started?
ü Periyar , Self Respect Movement
1.
What was sati?
ü In earlier days when women
chose death by burning themselves on the funeral of their husbands. Women who
died this manner whether willingly or otherwise were called “sati”, meaning
virtuous women.
2.
What were the reforms made
to remove these illegal practices on widows & girls?
ü
The
reforms were as follows:-
·
Sati
was banned in 1829
·
Widow
remarriage act was made
·
Brahmo
samaj was formed in Calcutta, to prohibited all forms of idolatry &
sacrifice, believe in the Upanishads
·
In
1856 a law was passed permitting widow remarriage
·
Veerasalingam Pantulu formed a association for widow
remarriage
·
Arya
samaj was formed to reform Hinduism
3.
What happened in “Child
Marriage Restrain Act”?
·
In
1929 Child Marriage Restrain Act was passed. According to this act, no man and
women below the age of 18 and 16 could marry respectively. Subsequently raised
to 21 for men and 18 for women.
4.
Who were Madigas?
·
Madigas
were an important untouchables caste of present–day Andhra Pradesh. They were
experts at cleaning hides, tanning them for use and sewing sandals.
5.
Who was Ghasidas?
·
He
was from low caste.
·
He
striked Satnami movement in Central India. He worked among the leather worker,
and organised a movement to improve their social status.
6.
Who founded the following
reforms movement?
Ø Brahmo Samaj-Raja Ram
Mohan Roy
Ø Young Bengal-H.L.V Derozio
Ø Ramakrishna Mission-By
Swami Vivekananda
Ø Prarathana
Samaj-R.G.Bhandakar
Ø Veda Samaj-
Ø Aligarh Movement- Sayyed Ahmed Khan
Ø Singh Sabha Movement-Sikh
7.
Why was Christian
missionaries attacked by many people in the country?
ü
Christian
missionaries were attacked by many people in the country because:-
·
They
suspected that they were involved in forced conversion of poor and tribal
people from Hinduism to Christianity.
8.
What were the contribution
of Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
·
Abolition
of Sati system in the year 1829
·
Supported
English education in India
·
Founded
Brahmo Samaj in 1830 for refom in the society
9.
Write the contribution of
Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
·
Established
Arya Samaj I 1875 for reforming society
·
He
started Suddhi movement to return the converted people back to Hinduism.
·
He
gave the slogan “Go Back to Veda”
·
He
started DAV schools for students.
Ch. 10- HISTORY
OF VISUAL ART
Ques. 1) For whom Indian artists made new styles,
etc. in painting during British rule?
Ans.) Local patrons and market
Ques. 2) Which new concept was brought
by European artists with them? Ans.)
Idea / concept of realism
Ques. 3) Increasing in painting arts promoted which
civilization in India? Ans.) Western
civilization
Ques. 4) Which type of painting
was mostly popularized traditions in India?
Ans.) Picturesque landscape
paintings
Ques. 5) According to picturesque, India was called
as what? Ans.) Quaint land
Ques.6) Thomas Daniell and William
Dainell were expert in which style of painting traditions?
Ans.) Picturesque landscape
paintings
Ques.7) A strong coarse cloth on which painting was
done? Ans.) Canvas
Ques. 8) Who commissioned the portrait paintings
painted by artists? Ans.) Patrons
Ques.9) British are also known as
which type of masters? Ans.)
White masters
Ques.10) With whom Thomas Dashwood was married? Ans.) Charlotte Lausia Aurial
Ques.11) Name the styles of painting Raja Ram Verma
painted? Ans.) Modern and National
Ques.12) To which place Raja Ravi Verma belonged? Ans.) Kerela
Ques.13) Who was the nephew of Abanindra
nath Tagore ? Ans.) Rabindranath
Nath Tagore
Ques. 14) Name one of the well known painter and
student of Abanidranath Tagore? Ans.)
Nandlal Bose
Ques.15) Painting on a long roll of paper that
could be rolled up? Ans.) Scroll
painting
Ques.16) Scroll painters were also known as? Ans.) Patuas
Ques.17) Who painted the storming of seringapatam? Ans.) Rober Kerr Porter
Ques. 18) What were the potters known in eastern
India? Ans.) Kumors
Ques.19) At the starting, the Kalighat pictures
were engraved on what? Ans.) Wooden
block
Ques. 20) What was the name of photographer studio
set up by Samuel Bourne? Ans.) Bourne
& Shephard
Ques. 21) Who made the Mythologyscenece from the
legend of Nala & Damayanti?Ans.)
Calcutta art studio
Ques. 22) Krishna Sadan was started by whom? Ans.) Raja Ravi Verma
LONG QUESTIONS
1.
What were the new forms of art developed with the
coming of the Europeans to India?
·
Picturesque-
Landscape Painting or Oil Painting
·
Engraving
·
Potrait
·
History
Painting
2.
What happened to the Court Artists when the
Europeans came and captured the court.
·
Some
worked under the Europeans
·
Some
changed their jobs
·
Some
struggled with their art professions
3.
What were the Indian ways of paintings during the
Medieval time?
·
Mural
painting on the wall
·
Miniature
painting
·
Scroll
Painting at Kalighat
4.
What changes the Kalighat painters made in their
art in the cities?
·
They
produced paintings on social and political themes
·
Artists
mocked at the changes around them. For ex- the painting “Baboo on the Chair”.
·
Carved
blocks were used to print the paintings and sell in market
·
They
criticized corrupt priests and westernized baboos
5.
What were the Contribution of Raja Ravi Verma
·
He
created a style of painting which was both modern and national
·
He
painted thems from Indian Mythology
·
He set
up Printing press on the outskrits of Bombay
6.
Describe the development of the vision of National
Art in India.
·
In
Bengal Abanindra nath Tagore tried to revive Indian style of miniature and
mural style
·
Ancient
paintings like Ajanta paintings were popularized
·
Nandalal
Bose also tried to do the same thing like Abanindra nath Tagore
7.
Describe about Okakura Kakuzo
·
He was
the Japanese artist
·
Published
a book “ The Ideals of the East”
·
He
emphasized on the traditional Japaneese art
·
He was
the founder of the first Japanese art academy
·
Hew
had a powerful influence on R.N.Tagore and Abanindra nath Tagore.
Ch. 11 FREEDOM
STRUGGLE
1: Meaning Of Sarvajanik.Ans – Sarva – All, Janik – of the People
2: Arms Act Was Passed In Which Year Ans – 1878
3: The Act Which Allowed the Government to
Confiscate The Assets Of Newspaper Published Anything That Was Found
“Objectionable” Ans – Vernacular Press Act
4: The INC Was Found At Which Place And In Which
Year Ans – Bombay , 1885(December)
5: Book Published By Dadabhai Naroji Ans – Poverty And Un –British Rule In India
6: A Publicist and A Businessman Who Settled In
London Ans – Dadabhai Naoroji
7: Who Said This Slogan: Freedom Is My Birthright and
I Shall Have It Ans – Balgangadhar Tilak
8: Someone Who Publicizes an Idea of Circulating Information,
Writing Reports, Speaking At Meetings
Ans – Publicist
9: In Which Year was The Attempt made By The
Government To Introduce Ilbert Bill Ans – 1883
10: From Bengal, Maharashtra And Punjab, Who Were
Becoming To Explore More Radical Objectives And The Methods? Ans –
Lal , Bal , Pal
11: Who Partitioned Bengal In 1905 Ans –
Lord Curzon
12: Instead Of Remaining Non – Bengali Areas from the
Province the Govt. Separated East Bengal and Emerged With Which States Ans – Assam
13: Swadeshi Movement in Andhra Pradesh Is Known As
Ans
– Vandemataram Movement
14: Name the Marathi Newspaper Edited By Tilak
Which Become One of the Strongest Critics of British Rule Ans – Kesari
15: Lala Lajpat Rai Was One of the Leading Members of
Which Group Was Critical Of Politics of Petitions Ans –
Radical
16: Where Did the All India Muslim League Was
Formed Ans – Dacca, 1906
17: Which Two Groups Reunited In December 1915 in Congress? Ans –
Moderates and Radicals
18:In Which Year Congress and Muslim League Signed the
Historic Lucknow Pact Ans – 1916
19: At What Age M.K. Gandhi Returned From South
Africa to India? Ans – 46
20: Who Found the Natal Congress in South Africa? Ans – M.K.Gandhi
21: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Happened On 13 April
(1919) Which Is Celebrated As Ans – Baisakhi Day
22: When Did the British Imposed the Harsh Treaty on
the Turkish Sultan? Ans – 1920
23; People Protesting Outside the Building or Shop to
Prevent Others from Entering Ans – Picket
24: Where Is Guntur Present Ans –
Andhra Pradesh
25: Religious Functionaries of Sikh Gurudwars Ans –
Mahants
26: Forcible and Unlawful Throwing Out Of Tenants from
the Land They Rent Ans – Illegal Eviction
27: When Chauri –Chaura Incident Took Place? Ans – Feb 1922
28: In Chauri - Chaura ,How Many Policeman Get
Killed That Day ? Ans – 22
29: When Civil Disobedience Movement Launched? Ans – 1930
30: He Was the Lawyer from East Bengal .He was
Specially Active in the Non – Cooperation Movement. Who Is He? Ans – Chita Ranjan Das
31: RSS Stand For Ans –
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
32: When Was Purna Swaraj declared By Congress Ans – 1929
33: When Was the First Independence Day Observed
All Over the Country? Ans- 26 Jan 1930
34: When M. K. Gandhi Broke Salt Law Ans- 6 April , 1930
35: Baji Mohammed Was The President Of Which
Congress In Orissa? Ans – Nabrangpur
36: In Which Year the Govt. Prescribed the
Elections to the Provincial Legislature? Ans
– 1937
37: On Which Month and Year Quit India Movement Was
Held? Ans – August 1942
38: By the End of 1943 How Many People Were
Arrested and Died Ans- 90000 – Arrested,
1000 – Died
39: What Is the Meaning of Wahadat –I-Deen? Ans – Oneness of All Religion
40: Who Was Popularly Known As Rajaji? Ans – Chakravarti Rajagopalchari
41: Who Was the First Governor – General of Free India?
Ans – C. Rajagopalchari
42: Who Was the President of Inc In 1931? Ans –
Sardar Vallabhai Patel
43: Which Day Is Known As “Direct Action Day” In
Indian History? Ans – 16 August 1946
44: When Was HSRA formed? Ans – 1928
45: Members of HSRA Was Assassinated Which Police
Officer Who Had Let Lathi – Charged That Caused Death of Lala Lajpat Rai? Ans – Saunders
46: When B.K.Dutt Threw the A Bomb Over Central
Legislature Assembly? Ans – 8 April 1929
47: Which two leaders founded Congress Khilafat
Swarajya Party and Decided To Participate In Elections to Various Legislative Bodies
Ans – C.R.Das, Motilal Nehru
48: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Is Also Known As Ans –
Punjab Wrong
49: Who Was the President of the Congress when
Purna Swaraj was declared? Ans – J.L.Nehru
50: When was the Congress Split took place? Ans –
1907
51: In Which Year Revolution in Russia Took Place? Ans – 1917
52: When Was Rowlatt Act Started? Ans – 1919
53: Where Did Jallianwala Bagh
Massacre Took Place and when? Ans –
Amritsar, 1919
54:In Which Year S.C. Bose Secretly Left His
Calcutta Home Ans – Jan , 1941
55: Who was the founder of Khudai Khidmatgar? Ans – Khan
Abdul Gaffar Khan
56: Lala Lajpat Rai was the active Member of Which
Association Ans – Arya Samaj
57: An Honour Granted By the British Crown for
Exceptional Public Ans – Knighthood
58: What Does The Govt. Of India Act Of 1935
Prescribed About? Ans – Provincial Autonomy
59: To Undo a Law Is Known As Ans –Repeal
60: Who Was The First Woman President Of Inc? Ans –
Sarojini Naidu
61: When Second World War Took Place Ans – September 1939-1945
62: Who Said “It Takes a Loud Voice to Make the
Deaf Hear” Ans – Bhagat Singh
63: What Is The Distance Between Sabarmati To Dandi
Village? Ans – 240 Miles
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:-
1.
Ques- Why was Bengal divided by the British in 1905?
Ans. Bengal was divided because:-
·
At
that time Bengal was the biggest province of British India.The British told the
reason of dividing Bengal as administrative convenience.
·
Actually
British wanted to divide Hindu and Muslim to make the National Movement weak in
Bengal.
2.
Ques- Describe the major features of the Rowlatt
Satyagraha.
·
In
1919 Gandhiji organized a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act passed by the British.The
Act curtailed fundamental rights like the freedom of expression and increased
police power to put any leader into jail without trail.
·
During
the Rowlatt Satyagraha the leaders ensured that Hindus and Muslims were united
in the fight against British rule.
·
Mahatma
Gandhi also announced that India is a land of all the people, Hindus, Muslims
and those of other religions.
3.
Ques- Give an account of Quit India Movement.
·
Mahatma
Gandhi decided to start new movements against the British in the middle of the
Second World War. He resolved that the British must Quit India immediately.
·
Gandhiji
and other leaders were jailed at once but the movement spread. He said to the
people, ”do or die” in your effort to fight the British-but you must fight
non-violently.
·
It
specially attracted peasants and the youth who gave up their studies to join
it.
4.
Ques- Explain the role of women in the freedom
struggle.
·
Women
from different backgrounds participated in the national freedom movement. Young
and old, single and married, they came from rural and urban areas, from both
conservative and liberal homes.
·
Participation
in the freedom movement brought women out of their homes. It gave them a place
in the professions, in the governance of India. It could pave the way for
equality with men.
·
Between
prison terms Ramabai made speeches, taught spinning, and organized prabhat
pheris. Women had to fight for their right also to participate in the movement.
5.
Ques- “It takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear.
Inquilab Zindabad!” Comment on this statement.
Ans- Inquilab Zindabad and Role of Bhagat Singh
·
Revolutionary
nationalists like Bhagat Singh and his comrades wanted to fight colonial rule
and the rich exploiting classes with the help of a revolution of workers and
peasants.
·
Hence
they founded the Hindustan Socialist Republication Association (HSRA) in 1928
at Ferozeshah kotla in Delhi.
·
Members
of the HSRA assassinated Saunders. He was a police officer. He had led a
lathi-charge that caused the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, a great freedom fighter.
·
Bhagat
Singh was tried and executed at the age of 23.
6.
Ques- How did Gandhiji emerge as a mass leader?
·
Gandhiji,
when he was 46 years old, arrived in India in 1915 from South Africa. In South
Africa he led Indians in non-violent marches against racist restrictions.
·
Mahatma
Gandhi spent 1915-1916 in India travelling throughout the country,
understanding the people, their needs and the overall situation.
·
Gandhiji
initially took part in local movements in champaran, kheda and Ahmedabad.
7.
Ques- Give an account of the happening of the
period of 1922-1929.
Ans- The happening of 1922-1929
Mahatma Gandhi all of a sudden called of the Non-Cooperation Movement in February
1922 when a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura. After
this the followers of Gandhiji stressed that the congress must undertake
constructive work in the rural areas.
Others leaders like Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal
Nehru argued that congress should fight elections to the councils and enter
them in order to influence government policies. So they founded Swarajya Party.
Two important developments of the mid-1920s led to
the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak
Sangh (RSS), and the Communist Party
of India.
The revolutionary nationalist Bhagat Singh was active in this period.
8.
Ques- Explain the role of Subhas Chandra Bose and
INA in the freedom struggle.
·
A
radical nationalist, with socialist leanings, Bose did not share Gandhiji’s
ideal of ahimsa, though he respected him as the “Father of the Nation”.
·
In January
1941, he secretly left his Calcutta home, went to Singapore, via Germany, and
raised the Azad Hind Fauj or the Indian National Army (INA), to free India from
British control.
·
In
1944, the INA tried to invade India through Imphal and Kohima but the campaign
failed. The INA members were imprisoned and tried. People across the country,
from all walks of life, participated in the movement against the INA trails.
Ch 12- India After Independence
1. After the independence of India about how many
refugees came India? Ans : 8 million
2. What was the life span of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar? Ans
: 1891 – 1956
3. Name the Gandhian leader who died fasting for a
separate state for telgu speakers?
Ans: potti
sriramulu
4. Name the leader who led the Indian delegation to
the UN between 1952 and 1962 and argued for a policy of non-alignment? Ans
: krishna menon
5. The Bhilai steel plant was set up with the help of
the former ‘soviet union’ in which year? Ans
: 1959
6. Name the dam which was one of the first of the four
dams built on the chambel river in M.P completed in 1960? Ans : Gandhi
sagar bandh
7. In which year Punjab was divided into Punjab and Haryana?
Ans : 1966
8. Who was the chairman of the drafting committee for
our constitution. Ans :
Dr. B.R. ambedkar
9. Define universal adult “franchise” Ans :
franchise – the right to vote for all
10. .What is the minimum age for the members for the
candidates vote? Ans :
18 years
11. Whose opinion was that India could not and must not
become a “Hindu Pakistan”?Ans: Jawaharlal
Nehru
12. Along the untouchables, who were also granted the
reservation? Ans : scheduled castes or ‘adivasis’
13. Who conveyed “a warning on the behalf of the people
of south” during a debate in assembly?
Ans : T.T.krishnamachari
14. Name the bases on which states were formed? Ans :
language and religion
15. Who was the deputy prime minister of India after its
independence? Ans : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
16. In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided
into two states. Name them?
Ans : Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Long answer type
question..
1.
Write the main features of the constitution of India.
Ans :
some of the main features of our constitution are as follows :-
·
Universal
adult franchise.
·
Equality
before the law to all citizens, regardless of their caste or religion
affiliation.
·
Reservation
to ‘adivasis’ or scheduled tribes in seats and jobs.
·
Fundamental
Rights to citizens
·
India
became Parliamentary Democracy
2.
Describe the role of constituent assembly in
framing the constitution.
Ans :
the role of the constituent assembly in framing the constitution is as follows
:-
·
It
balanced the competing claims by providing three lists of subject:
Union list: - with subjects such as taxes, defence
& foreign affairs...
Exclusive responsibility of the centre: - a state,
list of subjects, such as education and health...
Concurrent list: - such as forests and agriculture...
·
Debate
and discussions to frame constitution
·
Drafting
of the final constitution by drafting committee
3.
How the states were formed?
An:
states were formed in the following ways:-
The bilingual states of ‘Bombay’ were divided into
separate states for ‘Marathi’ and ‘Guajarati’ speakers.
A states re-organization commission was set up
recommending the redrawing of district & provincial boundaries to form
compact provinces ofAssamees , Bengali , Oriya , Tamil , Malayalam , Cannada
& Telgu speakers.
4.
Describe the second five year plan.
Ans :-
the main features of the second year plan are as follows :-
·
It was
formulated in the year 1956.
·
This
focused strongly on the development on heavy industries such as steel, and on
the building of large dams.
5.
Describe the challenges India has to face just
after the independence.
Ans :-
some of the main challenges were as follows :-
·
To
make a constitution.
·
To
settle the people who came from ‘Pakistan’.
·
Joining
of princeles to India.
·
Making
of linguistic state.
·
Planning
for development.
GEOGRAPHY
AGRICULTURE
Q.1- The transformation of a plant
to a finished product contains how many types of activities? – 1M
ANS - It involves primary, secondary and tertiary
activities.
Q.2- What is primary activity? Give
examples. – 1M
ANS – It includes extraction and production of natural
resources. Examples are- agriculture, fishing etc.
Q.3- What is secondary activity? – 1M
ANS – It includes processing of the resource. Its
examples are baking of bread weaving of cloth etc.
Q.4- What is tertiary activity?
Give its example. – 1M
ANS- It provides support to primary and secondary
activities through services. Ex are transports, trade etc.
Q.5- What is agriculture? – 1M
ANS – The science and art of cultivation on the
soil, raising the crops and rearing livestock is known as agriculture.
Q.6- What is sericulture? – 1M
ANS – Commercial rearing of silkworms is known as
sericulture.
Q.7- What is organic farming?
Explain in two points. – 2M
ANS- Organic farming means –
In this organic manure is used instead of
chemicals.
No genetic modification is done to increase the
yield of crops.
Q.8- What is food security? – 1M
ANS- FOOD security exists when all people, have
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meet their dietary needs.
Q.9- What is agricultural
development? - 1M
ANS- Agricultural development refers to efforts
made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demands of
increasing population. Its ultimate aim is to increase the food security.
LONG TYPE QUESTIONS –
Q.1- What is subsistence farming?
What are its types? – 2M
ANS- Subsistence farming is a type of farming in
which-
·
Low
levels of technology and labour are used to produce small output.
·
This
farming is practiced to meet the need of farmer’s family.
·
It is
classified into two main farming- intensive subsistence farming, primitive
subsistence farming.
Q.2- Write about followings…
ANS- Nomadic
farming is practiced in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, central
Asia and some parts of India.IN this, herdsman move from place to place with
their animal for fodder and water. This type of movement depends on the type of
climate. Sheep, camel, yak and goats are
most commonly reared.
In Commercial farming crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in
market. The area is cultivated and the amount of capital is large. Commercial
farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming, plantations.
In commercial grain farming crops are grown for commercial purpose. Wheat and
maize are commonly grown. These areas are sparsely populated with large farms.
In mixed farming the land is used for growing
fodder crops and rearing livestock. It is practiced in Europe, U.S.A, and South
Africa etc.
Plantations are a type of commercial farming in which a single
crop of tea, coffee. Large amount of labour and capital is required. Major
plantations are in the tropical regions of the world.
Q.3- WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING
CROPS-
RICE- it is the major food crop of the world. Rice
needs high temperature, high humidity and high rainfall.
IT grows best in alluvial and clayey soil which can
retain water.
TEA- tea is a beverage crop grown in plantations. It
requires cool climate and well distributed rainfall throughout the year.
It needs well drained loamy soils and gentle
slopes.
JUTE- it was also known as the Golden Fibre. It grows
well in alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid
climate.
This crop is grown in tropical areas. India and Bangladesh
are leading producers of jute.
Q.4- Differentiate between Farm
Systems in India & U.SA. – 3M
|
A FARM IN INDIA
|
A FARM IN U.S.A
|
|
In India traditional tools of farming are used.
|
In U.S.A modern tools are used.
|
|
In India the size of the farm is small.
|
In USA the size is large about 250 hectares.
|
|
The house of the farmer is in the main village
and he uses traditional method of irrigation.
|
The house of the farmer is in the middle of farm
and modern methods of irrigation are used.
|
CH- 5 INDUSTRIES
Q1- What is secondary activities? Tell another name of it
ANS 1-Secondary activities – change
raw materials into products of more value to people. It’s another name is manufacturing.
Q2- Define industries.
ANS 2- INDUSTRIES – It is an economic
activity concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or
provision of services.
Q3- Name the raw materials based industries.
ANS 3-The
raw material based industries are-
·
Agro
based industries
·
Mineral
based industries
·
Marine
based industries
·
Forest
based industries
Q4- Name the industries on basis of
size.
ANS 4- The
industries on basis of size are-
·
Large
scale industries
·
Small
scale industries
Q5- Name the industries on basis of
ownership.
ANS 5- The industries on basis of ownership are-
·
Private
sector industries
·
Public
Sector Industries
·
Joints
sector industries
·
Co-operative
sector industries
Q6- Give an example of public
sector industries
ANS 6- The
example of public sector industries are
·
Hindustan
aeronautics limited
·
Steel
authority of india
·
National
highway authority
Q7- Which factors affect the
location of industries?
ANS 7- The factor affect location of industries
are-
Power, Land, Water, Labour, Capital, Market,
Transport
Q8- Enumerate industrial inputs.
ANS 8 – The inputs are-Cost of land, Other
infrastructure, Raw material, Labour
Q9- State the inputs and outputs of
cotton textile industry.
ANS 9- INPUTS – cotton, labour , factory,
transport cost
OUTPUT
– clothes
Q10- what are the processes of
cotton textile industry?
ANS 10- The processes
of cotton textile industry are as follow –
Ginning, Weaving, Printing , Spinning, Dyeing
Q11-What does alloys give to steel?
ANS 12-Alloys give steel unusual hardness,
toughness and ability to resist rust.
Q12-State the three stages of
location of iron and steel industry as per history.
ANS13-The three stages of location of iron and
steel industry.
BEFORE 1800 AD these industries located near the
availability of raw materials, water supply and power supply.
AFTER 1800 TO 1950 AD they located near coal fields, canals and railways.
AFTER 1950 AD on large areas near sea port because
of the following reasons.Very large steel works.Iron ore imported form over
seas
Q13- Which factor resulted in the rapid expansion of cotton textile
industry in Mumbai region?
ANS 15-The
factor are as follow –
·
Warm
must climate.
·
Port
for importing machinery.
·
Availability
of raw materials.
·
Skilled
labours .
Q14- Define smelting.
ANS 18- SMELTING – It is the process in
which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the melting point.
Q19-Name four agro based industries
in India.
ANS 19 – Agro based industries are:
·
Textile
industry – cotton , jute , wool
·
Sugar
inustries
·
Paper
industries
·
Vegetable
oil industries
Q20- Describe various stages of production
in industries.
ANS 02- The various stages of production in
industries are –
·
Collection
of raw materials.
·
Processing
of raw materials with the help of labours capital and machines.
·
Finishing
of the products.
·
Packaging
of the products.
·
Transportation
and marketing.
QUES- LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
Q1- What are industrial region?
ANS 1 – Industrial regions – when an
industry develops in a region, same type of industries also cluster together to
take advantage of the products of the industry, they use their raw material.
Such clusters are known as industrial region.
Q2- In what different ways are
industries classified?
ANS 2 – Industries are classified in different
ways. They are as follow:
On the basis of weight of raw material: heavy industries,
light industries
On the basis of intensiveness of labour and capital:
labour intensive, capital intensive
On the basis of sector of economy: public sector industries,
private sector industries, joint sector industries, and co – operative sector
industries
On the basis of scale of production: large scale
industries, small scale industries, and cottage and village industries.
Q3 – What is information
technology?
ANS 3- Radio, telephone etc connect people in
different parts of the world. These techniques have made our live much
comfortable with help of various electronic equipments. We can store, process
and distribute information at a great speed. These technologies are called
information technology.
Q4- Writes a concise note on
Jamshedpur as an iron and steel centre.
ANS 4 – Jamshedpur was only 32 km away from
kalimati station on the Bengal – Nagpur
railway line. The places are situated in region of ore, coal and manganese
deposit. Kolkata provide it large market. Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers
supply water to the industry.
Q5- Writes the reasons of
industrial disaster.
ANS 5 – The reasons are as follow:
In industries, disaster mainly occurs because of
the technical failure or irresponsible handling of hazardous material. Example-
One of the worst industrial disaster of all times
happened in Bhopal on 3 dec, 1984 around 00:30a.m.
The official deaths toll was 3,598 in 1989.
Q6 – Distinction
between pure iron and steel:
|
PURE
IRON
|
STEEL
|
|
It
is less strong.
It
is not used in making utensils.
It
is not widely used.
|
It
is most strong.
It
is importantly used in making utensils.
It
is widely used in bridges, flyover, defense weaponry, tanks etc.
|
Q7 – Describe the Pittsburgh as the
important steel city of U.S.A.
ANS 7- Pittsburgh as the important steel city of USA:
Steel industry at Pittsburgh enjoys location
advantages. Some of the raw material like coal is available locally.
B/w these mines & Pittsburgh there is one of
the world’s best routes for shipping ores cheaply- the famous great lakes water
way. They are located in the valley of the Monogahela & Allegheny rivers
above Pittsburgh & along the Ohio river below it.
Q8- Describe Bangalore as the silicon valley
of the India.
ANS 8- the
development of IT industries started in the late 1970’s.the first IT part was seen at
Bangalore. Now it has been ranked the 4 best “the global hub of the
technological innovation. “By the USA. It has the highest no.of software
companies in India.
Q9- Distinguish b/w agro based
& mineral based industries.
ANS 9-
|
AGRO BASED
|
MINERAL BASED
|
|
1. the industries which obtain raw material from
agriculture .
2. these provide employment in rural areas.
3. mostly in private or cooperative sector.
|
1.based on mineral for their raw material.
2. they provide employment to both rural &
urban labours.
3. in public sector due to huge investment
involved.
|
Q 10- Describe Osaka as the Manchester of
Japan.
ANS
10- Osaka the largest industrial &
one of the financial centre of Japan is amongst the busiest ports of Japan. It
is known as the Manchester of Japan due to its excellence in textile
manufacturing. They include iron and steel, machinery, ship building auto
mobiles, electrical equipment and cement.
Ch-6 Human Resources
Short type questions:-
Definitions
i) Composition of human resource:-
Ans- Composition of human resource means the
structure of the population including age, language, occupation, religion,
economic basis and caste.
ii) Population
Ans- The total number of the persons living in a
certain area is called population.
iii) Density of population
Ans- Number of people living per unit area is
called density of population.
iv) Population explosion
Ans- The abrupt and sharp increase of population is
called population explosion.
v) Birth rate and death rate
Ans- Birth rate refers to the number of live births
per thousand of persons every year.
Death rate refers to the number of dead people per thousand of person
every year.
vi) Natural Growth Rate
Ans- The difference between birth rate and death
rate is known as Natural Growth Rate.
Vii) Immigration
Ans- Immigration is a process in which a person
comes and settles in a country.
Viii) Emigration Ans- Emigration is process in which a person leaves
a country.
Fill in the blanks:-
i) The ministry of human resource development was
created in ________.Ans- 1985
ii) The aim of ministry of human resource
development was __________. Ans- To
improve the people’s skill.
iii) _____ percent world’s population lives in Asia
and Africa.Ans- 75
iv) Average density of population in India is
_____.Ans- 324
v) Average
density of population of world is ______.Ans-
45
vi) Some fertile plain which are densely populated
are ___________, ____________ and __________.
Ans- Ganga and Bhamputra in India,
Hwang-He, Chang Jiang in china and Nile in Egypt.
vii) ______, ______, and _______ are some places
with religion or cultural significance.
Ans- Varanasi, Jerusalem and
Vatican City.
viii) _______ is the number of years an average
person can expect to live. Ans- Life
expectancy.
xi) ______ and ______ are two densely populated
areas due to Economic factors.
Ans- Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India.
x) Immigration
is also known as ____ and emigration is also called ___.Ans- in-migration, out-migration.
Long type question
Q.1 What do you meant by human
resource?
All humans who are engaged in useful activities
mean human resource. They are potential resource for the society.
Q.2 Why human resource is important?
Ans- Human resource is important because of the
following points:-
·
It is
important for the development of the country and the individual with sufficient
number of highly educated and trained people.
·
They
are also important to each individual as they assist other people to the
maximum in improving and using their capacity and potentialities.
·
With
ever developing skills and attitudes, human have become more and proficient in
overcoming problems and hurdles.
Q.3 What is population change?
Ans- The number of people living in a area is not
always stable. With the birth of children the population of an area increases.
Some children live longer while other die in early age. When we compare the
total population of a country in one year with another year, we come to know
that the population of the country has increased, decreased or is stable. The
phenomenon is known as population change.
Q.4 What are the causes of
population change?
Ans- The causes of population change are:-
·
Birth
rate- increase or decrease
·
death
rate –increase or decrease
·
Migration
Q.5 What is population pyramid?
Ans- The population pyramid is a tapering figure of
the population based on age and sex.
It is also called age-sex pyramid.
Q.6Why the population pyramid is important for us?
Ans- It is important because:-
It tells the story of the people living in a
particular country.
it shows the number of the dependents there are in
a country, there are two groups of dependents in a country- young group (aged
below 15) and elderly group(aged above 60).
It also shows the birth rate and death rate of a
country.
Q.7 What are the factors affecting
the distribution of the population?
Ans- The factors affecting the distribution of the
population are:-
Topography: - People always refer to the plain land for
living. Ganga plain is mostly populated due to plain region.
Climate: - People generally refer to the moderate climatic
region. They avoid the extreme climatic region like Sahara desert, polar region
etc.
Soil: - People generally prefers to fertile soil for agriculture
and living.
Water:-People refer to that place where the fresh water
is easily available.
Minerals: - Area where mineral are present there the more
population is there. People get opportunity of trading.
Society: - Areas better for housing, education and health
facilities are densely populated.
E.g. Pune, Mumbai etc.
Cultural: - Places with religion or cultural significance
attract people and most populated. E.g. Varanasi, Vatican City etc.
Economic: - Industrial areas provide employment opportunity.
Large numbers of people are attracted towards it and are most populated.
E.g. Osaka in Japan, Mumbai in India etc.
Q.9 Which type of population
pyramid of a country will have if it’s both birth and death rate are high? Give
example.
Ans- The population pyramid of such country a
country will be broad at base and narrow at top. E.g. Kenya.
Civics -Understanding
Marginalisation
Q1:- About how much
percentage of INDIA’s population Muslim are considered to be as marginalized
community? Ans:- 13.4%
Q2:- There are how
many Adivasi groups in INDIA ? Ans:-
Over 500
Q3:- In which
district of Orissa Niyamgiri hill is located? Ans:- Kalahandi
Q4:- Which tribal
community is inhabitant of Niyamgiri hills? Ans:- Dongarria konds
Q5:- In INDIA how
many national parks are there? Ans:- 54
Q6:- When did the
Indian government set up a high level committee for Muslim? Ans:- 2005
Q7:- Who chaired
the high level committee for Muslim community in INDIA? Ans:- Ragindra sachar
Q8:- How much
percent of Muslim children in the age 6-14 year age group have either never
been enrolled in school or have dropped out? Ans:- 25%
Q9:- Which type of
marginalisations is experienced by Muslim? Ans:- Economic and social
Q10:- Where does Muslim
prefer to send their children? Ans:-
Madarsas
Q11:- How many
wildlife sanctuaries are there in INDIA? Ans:- 372
Questions and answers
Q1:-
Why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized?
Ans
:- 1 They follow a different
culture,language and traditions.
2- They are used
to a way of life close to nature and with the cutting down of forests they are
being forced to migrate to urban areas where they feel out of place and not in
sync.
Q2:-
Why adivasis are being getting Stereotyped by people of other communities?
Ans:- 1-
Adivasis are stereotyped because of their colourful costumes,head gears
and dances.
2- lack of awareness makes people wrongly
believe that they are exoctic, primitive and backward.
3- They are blamed
for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistsnt to change.
Q3:-
what do you mean by marginalisation?
Ans:-
Marginalisation literally means to be side lined. In INDIA,a certain section of
people are neglected and separated from the society.They are exploited by
majority in many ways. Due to that their condition is very poor in
socio-economic field. That situation is called marginalization. E.g. Adivasis,
Dalits & Muslims.
Q4:-
What do you mean by Adivasis?
Ans:- These are the communities that lived and continue to live in close
association with nature and forests. Adivasis literally means “Original
Inhabitants”.
Q5:-
What do you mean by Ghetto?
Ans:- A area or
locality that is populated largely by member of a community.
Q6:-
Tell two reason due to which Ghettoisation occurs?
Ans:- 1 Social,
Cultural and Economic reason
2 Fear or Hostility may compel a
community to live together
Q7:-
What do you mean by following:-
Ans:- 1 Militarised
:- An area where the presence of armed force
is considerable.
2 Malnourished :- A person who does not
get adequate nutrition or food.
CHAPTER-8 CONFRONTING MARGINALISATION
1. Assertive person of group is one
who can express themselves and their views strongly.
2. Confront is to come face to face or challenge someone or something.
It refers to groups challenging their marginalisation.
3. Dispossessed is to have to give up ownership or to give up authority.
Possessed is to own something.
4. Ostracize means to exclude or banish an individual or a group. It
also refers to a social boycott of an individual and his family.
5. Morally reprehensible refers to an act that violates all norms of decency
and dignity that a society believes in. It refers to a hideous and repugnant
act that goes against all the values that a society has accepted.
6. Policy is a stated course of action that provides direction for the
future, sets goals to be achieved or lays out principles or guidelines to be
followed and acted upon. It also reffered to government policies. But other
institutions like schools, companies, etc., also have policies.
7. Dalit means 'broken'. This word is used deliberately and actively by
groups to highlight the century old discrimination, these people have suffered
within the caste system.
8. Fundamental rights are those
rights which the Constitution of India has conferred on every citizen without
any discrimination.
9. Social Justice: Equal justice to
all the members of the society equally.
10. Dalits: Untouchables, the Deprived
sections of the society.
11. Adivasis: The forest or tribal
people living in their aboriginal
12.What do you understand by manual
scavenging? Ans. Work of scavenging by
hand
13. When did the Supreme Court ban the practice of manual scavenging? Ans. 2005
14. Which is the Article of Constitution states that untouchability has been
abolished? Ans. Article 17
15. Which is the Act important for Adivasis? Ans. Act, 1989
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Ques.1- State one reason why
reservations play an important role
Ans. - Because reservations tries to bring the Dalits and the Adivasis at
par with the forward classes by providing jobs or seats in educational and
professional institutions.
Ques.2- Can you list three different
provisions in the SC and ST prevention of Atrocities Act 1989 ?
Ans. – Yes. They are:
1) No outsiders can occupy the lands of STs and SCs..
2) No forced displacement to them.
3) They should not be exploited physically
or morally.
Ques.3- Why did the Safai Karamchari
Andolan file a PIL in 2003? What did they about in their petition?
Ans. – i) The safai karamcharis filed a PIL in 2003 to get the manual scavenging
banned.
ii) They complained in their petition that manual scavenging is inhuman and it
violates the fundamental right against exploitation.
Ques.4-
What does Article 17 in the Constitution state? Explain untouchability.
Ans. – i) Article 17 of the Constitution states
that untouchability has been abolished.
ii) Untouchability means that no one can prevent Dalits from educating themselves,
entering temples, using public facilities etc.
iii) It also means that it is wrong to practice untouchability and this
practice will not be tolerated by a democratic government.
iv) In fact, untouchability is a punishable crime now.
Ques.5- How does the reservation policy
works?
Ans. – i) Government across India have their own list of Scheduled Castes
(Dalits), Scheduled Tribes and backward and most backward castes.
ii) The central government has its own list.
iii) Students applying to educational institutions and those applying for posts
in government, furnish proof of their caste or tribe status, in the form of
caste and tribe certificate.
iv) Many governments and educational institutions ask candidates to mention
their caste/tribe status.
v) If a particular Dalit caste or a certain tribe is on the government list,
the candidate from that caste or tribe can avail the benefit of reservation.
Ques.6- How are admissions in colleges
help the weaker section?
Ans. – i) For admission to institutes of professional education, like medical
colleges, government define a set of ‘cut-off’ marks.
ii) This means that these Dalits and tribal candidates can qualify for admissions
who fall in the cut-off list.
iii) Government also offers special scholarships for these students.
Ques.7- What did the powerful caste
decide and do against Rathnam?
Ans. - i) The powerful caste decided to teach Rathnam a lesson.
ii) His community was ordered to out caste him and his family.
iii) No one would speak or do any work for them.
iv) One night some people entered their part of the village and set his hut on
fire.
Ques.8- What happened when Rathnam filed
FIR with the police?
Ans. - i) The case was picked up by the local media.
ii) Numerous journalists visited the village.
iii) Rathnam was written about as a symbol of Dalit action.
iv) The ritual was called off but his family was forced to move out because of
the powerful castes in the village, continuing their atrocities against them.
Ques.9- Why did Rathnam refused to
perform the ritual?
Ans.- i) Rathnam was all of 20 years.
ii) He was studying engineering in a nearby college.
iii) He refused to perform the ritual because of the following reason:
- He said that he had no faith in this practice.
- His family members were forced to perform this ritual
because they were Dalits.
Ques.10- What do the state and central
government do to help the weaker section?
·
Government provides for free or
subsidized hostels for students of Dalit and Adivasi
·
Reservation in the employement
sector
·
Cut off marks in selection to a
job and admission in to a college
·
Scholarship to STs and SCs.
Chapter-9
Public Facilities
1.Borewell water by the residents in their toilets
and for washing because it is -----? Ans.
Brackish
2. Which thing residents have to install in their
homes for drinking water? Ans. Water
purification system
3. How many Indians die every day because of water
related diseases?Ans. 1600
4. Right to water is a part of which right? Ans.Right to life
5. Right to life and Right to water come under
which article? Ans. Article 21
6. Who is responsible for providing public
facilities? Ans. Government
7. For what private companies operate in the
market? Ans. Profit
8. Children of which ages are provided with Right
to education? Ans. 6-14 years
9. Tell one way from where govt. get money for
public facilities? Ans. Taxes
10. Who is the most suffering from the shortage of
water? Ans. The poor
11. What are the two things for which rural people
need water? Ans. Human use & by
Cattles
12. How many
liters of water should be supplied per person in an urban area in India? Ans. 135 lit.
13. The supply of water per person in an urban area
should be about 135 lit.- This was a standard set by whom? Ans. Urban Water Commission
14. How many lit. Of water do the people in slums
get per day? Ans. 20 lit.
15. Where is Porto Alegre? Ans. Brazil
16. Railway system is attending how many people per
day? Ans. 65 lakh
17. According to official figures for 2001 how many
percent of household in India have access to drinking water? Ans.
68%
18. According to official figures for 2001 how many
percent of household in India have access to sanitation? Ans. 36%
19. The Census of India, 2001 puts rural household
electrification at how many percent? Ans.
44%
20. Name one non-govt. organization? Ans. Sulabh
Long
Questions
1.
What are the different ways by which people get water?
Ans. The different ways by which people get water
are –
Tap water
Water tanker
Borewell Water
Installing water purification system
Bottled water
2.
What are the features/characteristics of Public Facilities?
Ans.
Features/characteristics of Public Facilities are-
The essential facilities that need to be provided
to everyone like water are called public facilities.
The benefits of public facilities can be shared by
many people.
3. Why
govt. should only pay the responsibility of giving public facilities?
Ans. Govt. should only pay the responsibility of
giving public facilities because-
Private companies operate for profit in the markets
and there is no profit in providing public facilities. So, they are not going
to do so.
It is our right to have access to public facilities
and even govt. cannot stop us to gain it.
As the govt. is taking tax from us so they have to
give us something in return….
4.
Where does the govt. get money for public facilities?
Ans. Govt. is empowered to collect tax from us and
use it to provide public facilities to all. Therefore it is our right to have
easy access to the public facilities.
5. The
govt. can get private companies to deliver some of the public facilities. However,
the govt. must keep a close watch on these to ensure that they fulfill their
commitment to reach these facilities to all people at an affordable price.
Why do
you think the govt. must assume the overall responsibility for public
facilities even when if it gets private companies to do a part of job?
Ans. The govt. must assume the overall
responsibility for public facilities even when if it gets private companies to
do a part of job because private companies are only operating for profit in
markets so it is possible that they cheat the govt. by corrupting the people
and earn their own profit.
6. Why do
you think the government charges a higher rate for greater use of water when
the demand is more?
Ans. The government charges a higher rate for
greater use of water when the demand is more because it is difficult to arrange
a large amount of water in the same amount.
7. How the water shortage has
opened up opportunities for private companies?
Ans. The shortage of water has opened up
opportunities for private companies in a big way. Many private companies are
providing water to cities by buying it from places around the city. In Chennai,
water is taken from nearby towns like Mamandur, Palur, Karungizhi and
from villages to the north of the city using a
fleet of over 13,000 water tankers. Every month the water dealers pay farmers
an advance for the rights to exploit water sources on their land. This is water
taken away not just from agriculture but also from the drinking water supplies
of the villagers. Ground water levels have dropped drastically in
all these towns and villages as a result.
8. Why municipal supply meets only
about half of the needs of the people of the city?
Ans.
Municipal supply meets only
About half the needs of the people of the city, on
an average.
There are areas which get water more regularly than
others.
Those areas that are close to the storage points
get more water
Whereas colonies further away receive less water.
9. Describe the water supply in
Porto Algre?
Ans. They are as follows-
Though there are many poor people in this city,
what is remarkable is that it has a far lower number of infant deaths as
compared to most other cities of the world.
The city’s water department has achieved universal
access to safe water and this is the main reason behind the lower number of
infant deaths.
The average
price of water is kept low, and the poor are charged half the basic rate.
Whatever profit the department makes is used to improve the water supply.
The working
of the water department is transparent and people can have a direct say in
deciding which projects the department should take up.
Through a process of public meetings, people hear
what the managers have to say and also vote on their priorities.
10. Give examples of some cases of
success in govt. water departments?
Ans. Some examples are-
The water supply department in Mumbai raises enough
money through water charges to cover its expenses on supplying water.
In Hyderabad, a recent report shows that the
department has increased coverage and improved performance in revenue
collection.
In Chennai, the department has taken several
initiatives for harvesting rain water to increase the level of groundwater. It
has also used the services of private companies for transporting and
distributing water but the government water supply department decides the rate
for water tankers and gives them permission to operate. Hence they are called
‘on contract’.
CIVICS CH-10
Laws & Social Justice
1.In a chain of people who get very less wages - workers
2.What govt. had made to protect people from
exploitation - laws
3.No child below the age of ______ shall be
employed to work in any factory.- Fourteen
4.What does UC stand for - Union Carbide
5.UC is a _________ company. - American
6.Bhopal gas tragedy occurs in which year -
2 December 1984
7. Name the poisonous gas released from the
industry at Bhopal.- Methyl – isocyanite
8.In 1998 onwards, Supreme court had ordered all
the public transport vehicles using diesel were switch to
- CNG
9. With in three days, about how many people were
dead in Bhopal gas tragedy - More than 8,000
Short
Questions............
1.Why are the laws necessary?
-Laws are necessary because :-
. To protect people from unfair means
2.What are the sources of
environmental pollution in our area with respect to air & water?
-sources of environmental pollluton in our area
with respect to
air: vehicles,smoke, factory
water: sewage , factory
3.What does child labour prevention
act mean?
-Child Labour prevention means :-
.Child under 14 of age banned for working in dhabas
.Child under 14 of age banned for working in
Restaurants
.Child under 14 of age banned for working in tea
shops
4.What are the major role of govt.?
-A major role of government is :-
. Is to control the activities of private companies
. Enforcing law
. Ensure social justice
5.What does line 'safety measures
at work place' means?
- Safety
measures at work place means :-
. Alarm system
. Emergency exits
. Properly functioning machinery
6. What are the advantages to
foreign companies in setting up production in India?
-Advantages are as follow;-
.viability of raw material
.cheap labor
.no much rules & regulation
.marketing
7. Write down the steps to reduce
pollution.
-The steps to reduce pollution are as follow:-
.do forestation
.do reforestation
.use cng vehicle
.laws should be there
.there should be dustbins in every turn of cities
.should use less chemicals in factory
.use of bio-degradable substances
.use of unleaded petrol in vehicles
.recycling
.sewage should not discharged directly into rivers
8.What are the consumer's right?
Name some consumer's right.
-The rights given to consumers are known as
consumer's right.
some consumers right are as follow:-
.Right to check expiry
.Right to check the weight of the product
.Right to see ISI mark
.Right to file a case when not getting service in
warranty offer
.Right to see quality of product
.Right to ask any type of question from shopkeeper
9. What are the problems faced by
workers? What are the ways through which workers can get out of their problems?
-the problem faced by workers are as follow:-
.low wages or no wages
.unemployment
.unsafe health
.poverty
.lack of house
.poor housing
The ways through which wokers can get out of their
problems as:-
.govt. should make such laws that could not bring
inferiority complex among the workers
.govt. should give employments to them
.their wages should increase
